Coffee, the world’s most popular beverage, is enjoyed for its rich flavour and invigorating energy boost. But beyond the satisfying cup lies a journey from bean to brew. As a discerning coffee drinker, understanding how to select the right beans at the market, decipher the information on food labels, and properly handle and store your coffee can significantly impact the quality and enjoyment of your daily cup. By understanding the different types of beans, formats, and packaging, you’ll unlock the potential for a truly exceptional coffee experience.

                                                                                                                       Richa Pande

The fascinating tale of coffee started in the highlands of Ethiopia, where it wass said to have been discovered many years ago. Nowadays, coffee is grown in tropical areas across the globe, and each growing environment provides a distinct contribution to the final taste. There are two primary coffee types: Arabica, which is famous for its subtle acidity and nuanced flavours, and Robusta, which is renowned for its stronger taste and higher caffeine content.

There are three main types of coffee available: whole beans, pre-ground coffee, and instant coffee. Whole beans are the best option for those who prefer freshly ground coffee, as they allow you to grind them according to your preferred brewing method. This method is ideal for those who own a French Press or a drip coffee maker, but it requires some time and a grinder to grind the beans. Pre-ground coffee, on the other hand, is a convenient option that saves time, but it may not be as fresh as whole beans. It is crucial to choose the right grind that suits your brewing method to get the best flavour. Instant coffee is the quickest option and perfect for those who are always on the go.

What’s Decaffeinated Coffee?

Decaffeinated coffee is a type of coffee that has had most of its caffeine content removed, while still retaining its characteristic taste and aroma. It is an ideal choice for individuals who are sensitive to caffeine, as it offers a significantly lower caffeine content, typically around 97% less compared to regular coffee. This means that they can enjoy the taste of coffee without experiencing any jitters, anxiety, or sleep disturbances associated with high caffeine intake. Decaf is also suitable for individuals who want to limit their caffeine intake, such as pregnant women, individuals with certain health conditions, or those who simply want to reduce their overall caffeine consumption. Decaffeinated coffee is still loaded with antioxidants. Decaf is perfect for those who like to have coffee in the evening, as it won’t disrupt their sleep patterns and they can have a relaxing cup of coffee before bed.

It’s Important to Check  Information on Food Labels

Whenever you are buying coffee, carefully check the information on food labels. If you enjoy flavoured coffee, make sure to check if there are any preservatives or additives in them. Check the ingredient list, and avoid the ones with artificial flavours  in it. In some varieties, you can find chicory in the ingredient list. Chicory root, roasted and ground, is sometimes added to coffee powders. It is often added to coffee powder to reduce its bitterness. It has potential health benefits, such as aiding digestion. Chicory can significantly alter the taste profile, introducing a woody or earthy flavour and a slightly grainy texture. When choosing your coffee, consider whether you prefer the pure taste of coffee beans or the unique twist that chicory can offer.

Make sure you pick coffee packaged in glass packaging. Look for certifications and origin information on the packaging to guide your decision. These act as a roadmap to coffee that reflects your priorities. Organic certifications, for example, guarantee that the beans were grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers, promoting environmentally responsible practices. Fair Trade certifications ensure that farmers receive fair compensation for their crops, contributing to sustainable livelihoods within coffee-producing communities. Consider these certifications when making your choice, knowing your purchase supports a cause you care about. Identifying genuine coffee can be tricky, especially with blends. Look for detailed information on the packaging – origin information like country or region of growth is a good sign. Single-origin coffees, sourced from a specific location, often boast unique flavour profiles reflecting the specific growing conditions.

While shopping for coffee, be wary of unrealistic price points – exceptionally cheap coffee may indicate lower quality beans or questionable sourcing practices. It’s also important to check the caffeine content  in the coffee you are picking. While caffeine is an essential ingredient in coffee, having it too much is not good for your health. Therefore, check the caffeine content before making a purchase. Ensure that the coffee beans you buy are freshly roasted and manufactured. Freshly roasted coffee beans are crucial in getting the desired flavour and quality of coffee.

Heatwaves are a common feature during the summer months in India, with temperatures in the range of 45-47°C (113-117°F). Northwestern India is subject to the most intense heat, and heatwaves are possible in any part of the country. The extreme temperatures and resultant atmospheric conditions have an adverse effect on people living in these regions, sometimes resulting in fatalities. High pollution levels are adding to the severity of heatwaves by elevating the maximum temperature in the already hot and dry regions of India.

Rinki Sharma

Extreme heat can be very dangerous, especially in hot and humid places. Prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures can cause serious health problems like heat exhaustion, heatstroke, and dehydration. Certain groups, like elderly people, children, pregnant women, and those with medical conditions, are most at risk during heatwaves. Symptoms of heat-related illnesses include dizziness, headache, rapid heartbeat, nausea, etc. It’s crucial to understand the dangers of heatwaves and take proactive measures to stay safe and healthy.

Protection Tips:

• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water and other fluids like nimbu pani (lemon water), chacch (buttermilk), coconut water, and electrolyte solutions to prevent dehydration.
• Protect Children: Keep children indoors during peak heat hours and dress them in lightweight, breathable clothing. Ensure they drink fluids regularly.
• Cover Head: Use scarves, hats, or umbrellas to protect your head and face from direct sunlight.
• Eat Light: Consume light, easily digestible meals that are rich in water content such as fruits and vegetables.
• Keep Living Spaces Cool: Use curtains, blinds, or shades to block out direct sunlight and keep indoor spaces cooler.
• Stay Informed: Monitor weather forecasts and stay updated on heatwave warnings issued by local authorities.
• Plan Outdoor Activities Wisely: If outdoor activities are necessary, plan them during early morning or late evening hours when temperatures are lower.
• Check on Elderly and Vulnerable Individuals: Regularly check on elderly family members, neighbours, and those with chronic illnesses to ensure they are staying cool and hydrated.
• Know Emergency Contacts: Keep emergency numbers handy and know the signs of heat-related illnesses to seek prompt medical assistance if needed.

Stay cool, stay hydrated, and stay safe this summer!

Over the past few decades, air pollution and climate change have become major global concerns. Air pollution has many detrimental effects that pose a threat to global public health in terms of significant disease burden as well as mortality. It is disturbing that severe air pollution is increasing at an alarming rate, especially in India, where major cities like New Delhi and other urban areas are noted for being extremely polluted. The acceleration of activities linked to increased urbanization, transportation, and industrialization are the main sources of this pollution spike^1,2. As per current statistics of the World Health Organization (WHO), the ambient air pollution combined with household air pollution causes approximately 6.7 million premature deaths each year in low- and middle-income nations, and 9 million fatalities worldwide^1,3.

Dr. Neeraj Mahajan, Scientist, AIIMS, New Delhi

One important indicator of the level of pollution is the Air Quality Index (AQI). India faces significant challenges related to poor air quality as majority of the metropolitan cities in India have a high AQI score due to continuously increasing air pollution. According to IQAir⁴, 14 out 20 world’s most polluted cities are located in India. As a quickly developing nation with an expanding population, India suffers from extreme air pollution. This problem is mostly caused by factors such as emissions from vehicles, industrial activities, and biomass burning. Sadly, exposure to pollutants like particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) can cause severe respiratory issues, cardiovascular diseases, and even premature deaths. Although strict regulations and initiatives such as the National Clean Air Programme, have been implemented by government to reduce air pollution, more comprehensive strategies are needed. Thus, this issue needs to be addressed to safeguard the public health and the environment.

The broad spectrum of health effects primarily consists of less severe effects like upper respiratory tract distress to a consistent array of pulmonary and cardio-respiratory disorders, such as asthma and acute respiratory tract infection in children under five, and lung cancer and chronic bronchitis in adults.  The most common consequences of brief exposure to air pollution are coughing, eyes and nose irritations, wheezing, and allergies that manifest into serious conditions like asthma, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This leads to an increase in morbidity index due to higher rate of hospitalization. While prolonged exposure leads to pulmonary dysfunctionality in addition to other cardiac issues and results in shorter life span of the individual^1.2.

Moreover, with adverse effects on immune functionality through development of various health conditions, such as pneumonia, asthma, diabetes, and cardio-respiratory diseases, the affected individuals can become prone to PM2.5 and PM10 as they can penetrate to internal spaces due to their small size causing further respiratory disorders. Meanwhile, significant impact on pulmonary health is also influenced by factors such as season, time, country and region of air pollutants exposure¹. Long term occupational interface with various pollutants in industrial settings as well as continuous exposure to indoor air pollution from cooking fuels, such as biomass, animal dung, and coal exacerbate respiratory issues in adults⁵.

Children in comparison to adults are more susceptible to respiratory ailments due to their higher vulnerability to air pollutants and subsequent lung function development. Impeded lung growth and adverse effect on lung function with development of exacerbated asthma, bronchitis and infections might occur on enhanced exposure to air pollution during childhood. Studies evaluating assessment of pulmonary function in children with its extension into adulthood considering air pollution exposure, and disease impact or both may provide better insights on effects of air pollution on lung functionality. In addition to aforementioned, air pollution has been associated with increased risks of low birth weight, premature birth, and developmental issues in a child’s respiratory system. Air pollution mitigation strategies both at larger strata like structural reforms and regulations at national, regional, and local levels, and local measures such as minimizing exposure to air pollution at home and during school hours are necessary steps for reducing the impact of air pollution on child’s well-being⁶. Some common ways to reduce air pollution may include- promoting cleaner energy sources, improving air quality monitoring systems, reviewing industry and vehicle emission standards, and raising public awareness about the health risks associated with air pollution and how to prevent them.

References:

1. Manisalidis I, et al. Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review. Front Public Health. 2020; 8:14.
2. Kampa M, and Castanas E. Human health effects of air pollution. Environ Pollut. 2008; 151(2):362-7.
3. Air Pollution. WHO. Available online (accessed on 25-02-24) https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health.
4. https://www.iqair.com/in-en/world-most-polluted-cities
5. De Matteis S, et al. Current and new challenges in occupational lung diseases. Eur Respir Rev. 2017; 26(146):170080.
6. Garcia E, Rice MB, and Gold DR. Air pollution and lung function in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021; 148(1):1-14.

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In the diverse and vibrant landscape of India, consumer-related issues have emerged as a critical facet of daily life. As the nation progresses economically and the consumer market expands, individuals face a range of challenges that demand attention and proactive measures. From product quality concerns to unfair business practices, addressing these issues is vital for ensuring a fair and secure marketplace for all.

                                                                                                                  Pallabi Boruah

Product Quality and Safety Concerns

One of the primary consumer problems in India revolves around product quality and safety. Instances of substandard goods entering the market pose significant risks to consumers. To tackle this issue, regulatory bodies need to enforce stringent quality control measures, conduct regular inspections, and penalize businesses that compromise on the safety and quality of their products.

Misleading Advertising and Marketing Practices

Consumers often fall victim to misleading advertising and marketing practices, leading to uninformed purchasing decisions. Regulatory authorities must strengthen advertising standards and penalize businesses engaging in deceptive practices. Additionally, fostering consumer education to enhance awareness about discerning marketing tactics can empower individuals to make more informed choices.

E-commerce Challenges

Due to the rapid expansion of e-commerce in India, customers now have to deal with particular issues such misrepresented products, delayed delivery, and return policy disagreements. To protect consumer interests in the digital marketplace, strong laws tailored to the e-commerce industry must be put into place. Transparent communication must also be ensured, and dispute resolution procedures must be streamlined.

Price Gouging and Unfair Trade Practices

Unfair trade practices and price gouging often leave consumers at a disadvantage. Stringent regulations against exploitative pricing, collusion, and unfair business practices are imperative. Consumer protection agencies should actively monitor and penalize entities engaging in such practices to maintain a fair and competitive market environment.

Consumer Education Initiatives

Consumer education plays a pivotal role in addressing and preventing issues. Implementing comprehensive educational initiatives, both at schools and through public awareness campaigns, can equip individuals with the knowledge needed to protect their rights, make informed decisions, and navigate the complexities of the consumer market.

Strengthening Consumer Grievance Redressal Mechanisms

A robust system for addressing consumer grievances is crucial. Strengthening consumer grievance redressal mechanisms, both online and offline, ensures that individuals have accessible channels to report issues and seek resolution. This includes enhancing the efficiency of consumer forums and creating user-friendly online platforms for complaint registration.

Empowering Consumer Protection Laws

The legal framework governing consumer protection must evolve to address contemporary challenges effectively. Regular updates to consumer protection laws, consideration of international best practices, and strict enforcement are vital to create a legal environment that prioritizes consumer welfare.

Conclusion

Addressing consumer problems in India requires a multifaceted approach involving collaboration between government bodies, regulatory authorities, businesses, and consumers themselves. By implementing and reinforcing these measures, India can create a consumer-friendly environment that safeguards individual rights, promotes fair business practices, and fosters a culture of transparency and accountability in the marketplace. As the nation progresses, prioritizing consumer protection is not just an ethical imperative but also a strategic move towards building a robust and sustainable economy.