Landmark Decision: Bombay High Court Strikes Down Rule 6(1) of 2020 Consumer Protection Act, 2019, Signalling Shift in Consumer Rights Landscape

Landmark Decision: Bombay High Court Strikes Down Rule 6(1) of 2020 Consumer Protection Act, 2019, Signalling Shift in Consumer Rights Landscape

Landmark Decision: Bombay High Court Strikes Down Rule 6(1) of 2020 Consumer Protection Act, 2019, Signalling Shift in Consumer Rights Landscape

The pivotal question at hand revolves around whether the recent judgment from the Honourable High Court of Maharashtra, Pune bench, will nullify the entire selection committee process for appointing 112 Presidents/Members of Consumer Commissions in the state.

Reference Case: High Court of Judicature at Bombay, Nagpur Bench, Writ Petition No. 3680/2023 Dr.Mahendra Bhaskar Limaye & others vs

  1. Union of India, Through its Secretary, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Department of Consumer Affairs, Krushi Bhavan, New Delhi.
  2. State of Maharashtra, Through its Secretary, Food and Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs, Department/Ministry, Mantralaya, Mumbai-32.

Dr Prem Lata, Legal Head VOICE

Facts & Relief sought in writs: WPs 3680, 2107 & 2496-23

These writ petitions filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India –

  • Seek to raise a challenge to Rule 6(1) and Rule 10(2) of the Consumer Protection Act 2019 (Qualification for Appointment, method of recruitment, Procedure for appointment, term of office, resignation and removal of the President and members of the State Commission and District Commission).
  • A declaration has also been sought that the petitioners who were the members at various District Commissions are eligible for re-appointment to the post of member of the District Commission under Rule 10(2) of the Rules of 2020.

Two Issues: Writ Petition No. 2107 of 2023

Writ Petition No. 2107 of 2023 has been preferred by Members at District Commissions in the State of Maharashtra. Besides raising challenging to

  • Rule 6(1) of the Rules of 2020
  • The provisions of Rule 10(2) of the said Rules are challenged to the extent the tenure of the District Commission is restricted to a period of four years.
  • The petitioners seek a declaration that they are eligible for being considered for re-appointment to the post of member on the basis of earlier successfully completed the process of selection which included written examination and interview as per the Rules prevailing then.

Similar issue: Writ Petition No. 2496 of 2023

  • Writ Petition No. 2496 of 2023 filed by the petitioners who were functioning as President/members of District Commissions in the State of Maharashtra.
  • Seek a declaration that they are eligible for being considered for re-appointment to the post of President/Members of the District Commission on the basis of having completed the process of selection including written examination and interview as per the prevailing rules.

Common Judgment passed in WPs 3680, 2107 & 2496-23 

Issue 1: Dominance of executives over Judicial Person, chairman

(Writ 3680 of 2023) Challenge to Rule 6(1) of the Rules of 2020:

Rule 6(1) of the Rules of 2020 reads as under:-

“6 Procedure of appointment. — (1) The President and Members of the State Commission and the District Commission shall be appointed by the State Government on the recommendation of a Selection Committee, consisting of the following persons, namely:-

(a) Chief Justice of the High Court or any Judge of the High

Court nominated by him-Chairperson;

(b) Secretary in charge of Consumer Affairs of the State

Government – Member;

(c) Nominee of the Chief Secretary of the State – Member.”

According to the said provision, the President and the Members of the State Commission and the District Commission can be appointed by the State Government on the recommendation of the Selection Committee. The constitution of the Selection Committee consisting of two members from the Executive as the Secretary in-charge of the Consumer Affairs and a nominee of the Chief Secretary of the State, the doctrine of separation of powers is violated. In the light of the law laid down in these decisions, it is the contention of the petitioners that Rule 6(1) of the Rules of 2020 compromises the aspect of primacy to the judiciary in the Selection.

Hence HC HELD –

  • Rule 6(1) invalid and the notifications dated 10.04.2023 and 13.06.2023 would not survive. They are accordingly quashed.in the light of earlier decided case by the SC in the matter of Rojer Mathew Versus South Indian Bank Limited & Others [(2020) 6

SCC 1],

  • Madras Bar Association (M.B.A. III) Versus Union of India &

Another [(2021) 7 SCC 369] and

  • Madras Bar Association (M.B.A. IV) Versus Union of India & Another [2021 SCC OnLine SC 463].

Rule 6(1) of the Rules of 2020 has been struck down, the notifications dated 10.04.2023 and 13.06.2023 would not survive. They are accordingly quashed.

Issue 2: Tenure and re-appointment of members /president

(Writ 2017 of 2023 & Writ Petition No. 2496 of 2023)

Challenge to Rule 10(2) as regards tenure of four years:

Rule 10(2) of the Rules of 2020 has been challenged to the extent the tenure of Office of Member of the State Commission as well as President and Member of the District Commission has been restricted for a term of four years or up to the age of 65 years whichever is earlier. Rule 10(2) of the Rules of 2020 reads as under:

“10. Term of Office of President or Member. –

Every member of the State Commission and the President and every member of the District Commission shall hold office for a term of four years or up to the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier and shall be eligible for reappointment for another term of four years subject to the age limit of sixty-five years, and such reappointment shall be made on the basis of the recommendation of the Selection Committee.”

Held

  • Rule 10(2) of the Rules of 2020 to the extent it prescribes the tenure of the Members of the State Commission and the President and members of the District Commission to be four years is struck down as not being in consonance with the spirit of the law laid down in the Madras Bar Association III (supra).

Issue 3: Applicability of Rule 8(18) in re-appointment cases

Plea taken in these cases is that Rule 8(18) of the said rules indicates aspects to be taken into consideration by the Selection Committee while making recommendation for reappointment and the confidential reports, disposal of cases, performance during the first appointment, general reputation of a candidate be considered.

It is to be noted that Rule 6(9) of the Rules of 2020 empowering the Selection Committee to determine its procedure for making its recommendation has been struck down by this Court in Vijaykumar Bhima Dighe (supra) which judgment has been upheld by the Hon’ble Supreme Court. As a result Rule 6(9) of the Rules presently does not find place in the statute book. As a result there is no power with the Selection Committee to determine its procedure for making its recommendation in the matter of appointments to the post of Members of the State Commission including re-appointment cases. In other words, Selection Committee presently cannot determine its procedure for making its recommendations in the matter of appointment either fresh or re-appointment.

Issue 4: Validity of advertisement dated 23.05.2023

Plea taken: The advertisement dated 23.05.2023 is under challenge on the ground that the Hon’ble Supreme Court while issuing directions under Article 142 of the Constitution of India in The Secretary, Ministry of Consumer Affairs (supra) had directed holding of written test consisting of two papers. Since department has not followed the direction of SC, advertisement dated 23.05.2023 is to be declared invalid.

Background

Hon’ble Supreme Court has held that till suitable amendments were made in the Rules of 2020, directions were being issued under Article 142 of the Constitution of India that the appointment of President and Members of the State Commission and District Commission

should be made on the basis of performance in the written test consisting of two papers as indicated. The said direction reads as under:-

Paper-I (a) General knowledge and current affairs

(b) Knowledge of Constitution of India

(c) Knowledge of various Consumers related Laws as indicated in the Schedule (Objective Type)

Paper-II (a) One Essay on topics chosen from issues on trade and commerce consumer related issues or Public Affairs.

(b) One case study of a consumer case for testing the abilities of analysis and cogent drafting of orders (descriptive type)

The Department’s notice specifically outlines the details for Paper-II. According to the notice, Paper-II includes an essay question where candidates are required to attempt two topics—one must be answered in English, and the other in Marathi. Similarly, in the case study section, candidates are expected to attempt two case studies, with one being in English and the other in Marathi.

  • Be noted that under Section 101(2)(n) of the Act of 2019 the Central Government has been empowered to make rules with regard to qualifications for appointment, method of recruitment, procedure for appointment, term of office, resignation and removal of President and members of the District Commission under Section 29 of the Act of 2019. There is no power conferred on the State Government to prescribe the mode of recruitment.
  • Moreover, the Honourable Supreme Court, through directives exercised under Article 142 of the Constitution of India, has outlined the protocol for the conduction of the written test comprising two papers. The specific prescription of one essay and one case study for Paper-II has been articulated. Consequently, it is asserted that the Department exceeds its authority and jurisdiction by imposing additional requirements beyond the directives established under Article 142. These directions do not empower the Department to mandate candidates to compulsorily respond to one topic and attempt one case study in Marathi language, in addition to addressing such queries in English.
  • In the said circular, negative marking for wrong answers is also provided which is also beyond the jurisdiction of state Government.

Final order

In the light of aforesaid discussion, the following order was passed

(A) Rule 6(1) of the 2020 Rules has been invalidated on the basis that it diminishes the judiciary’s participation in the appointment procedure for the President and members of the State Commission and the District Commission. The ruling asserts that this particular rule contradicts the essence of the Constitution Bench decision in Rojer Mathew (supra).

(B) Since Rule 6(1) of the Rules of 2020 has been struck down, the notifications dated 10.04.2023 and 13.06.2023 would not survive.

(C) Rule 10(2) of the Rules of 2020 to the extent it prescribes the tenure of the Members of the State Commission and the President and members of the District Commission to be four years is struck down as not being in consonance with the spirit of the law laid down in the Madras Bar Association III (supra).

(D) Given that the re-appointment of members of the State Commission, the President, and members of the District Commission, as outlined in Rule 10(2) of the 2020 Rules, is contingent upon recommendations from the Selection Committee, and in light of the striking down of Rule 6(9) of the 2020 Rules in the case of Vijaykumar Bhima Dighe versus Union of India & Others [Public Interest Litigation No. 11 of 2021 along with Writ Petition No. 1096 of 2021], the Selection Committee is advised to follow the appointment procedure for Members of the State Commission, the President, and Members of the District Commission. This involves considering the past performance in accordance with Rule 8(18) of the 2019 Rules until such time that Rule 6(9) of the 2020 Rules is appropriately amended.

(E) The notice issued by the Department of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs along with the advertisement dated 23.05.2023 in relation to Paper-II is held to be without jurisdiction. Department to re-conduct the test in Paper-II by following the directions issued by the Hon’ble Supreme Court under Article 142 of the Constitution of India in The Secretary Ministry of Consumer AffairsVersus Dr.Mahindra Bhaskar Limaye & Others [2023 LiveLaw (SC) 161]. 

A request is made to temporarily suspend the execution of the judgment for a duration of eight weeks, allowing time for the filing of an appeal.

How to Pick the Right Credit Card

How to Pick the Right Credit Card

How to Pick the Right Credit Card

Credit cards are super useful in India, giving you an easy way to pay for things, flexibility, and some cool perks. But with so many credit cards out there, it’s hard to pick the right one for you. This guide will help you choose the best credit card in India, considering what you need and what’s smart for your wallet.

Subas Tiwari

Why Credit Cards are Big in India

In India, people love credit cards. They used to be fancy, but now they’re smart financial tools. Credit cards let you buy stuff, pay bills, and get money when you need it. Plus, they give you rewards, cashback, and discounts – what’s not to love?

Why Picking the Right Card is Key

Choosing the right credit card is a big deal because it affects your money big time. A good credit card can save you cash, protect you when things go wrong, and build your credit score. But a bad choice means you pay extra fees and get stressed out.

India’s credit card world is a big place, and there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. The best credit card for you depends on your needs, money goals, and how you spend. Let’s break it down and make the right choice.

Understand Your Money Goals and Spending Habits

First, know your financial story. What do you want from a credit card? Here are some common goals:

  • Building Credit: If you’re new to credit or need a better credit score, go for a card that helps with that.
  • Earning Rewards: If you want freebies like cashback, rewards points, or air miles, go for a card with a sweet rewards program.
  • Managing Expenses: If you’re using a credit card for everyday stuff, get one with low interest or a grace period.
  • Travel and Lifestyle: If you’re a globetrotter or want cool stuff like airport lounge access, look into travel or lifestyle credit cards.
  • Building or Fixing Credit: If your credit history isn’t great, try secured or credit-builder cards. They’re designed for folks like you.

Think about your spending habits, too

  • Categories: What do you spend most on? Groceries, eating out, travel, shopping, fuel, or fun stuff?
  • How much and how often: Do you use your credit card a lot or just now and then? Do you pay the full bill every month?
  • Your budget: What’s your monthly budget, and can you stick to it with a credit card?

Know Your Card Needs

Now that you’re clear on your goals and spending style, it’s time to nail down your credit card needs. Here are some scenarios:

Rewards Lover: If you want rewards, go for cards that give the most in the categories you spend most on. For instance, if you love eating out, find a card with dining rewards.

Interest Saver: If you want to avoid high interest, find cards with low Annual Percentage Rates (APR) and easy interest rules.

Frequent Flyer: If you travel a lot or like VIP stuff, prioritize travel cards that offer air miles, hotel deals, and travel insurance. They often come with neat perks like airport lounge access.

Credit Builder: If you’re building or fixing your credit, look into secured or credit-builder cards. They’re perfect for people with a slim or damaged credit history.

Knowing your goals and spending habits is the first step in finding the right credit card. Armed with this info, you can compare your options and pick smartly.

Get the Lowdown on Your Credit Score

Your credit score is like your financial report card. It shows lenders how responsible you are with money. In India, credit scores come from folks like CIBIL, Experian, Equifax, and CRIF High Mark. These scores depend on your credit history, like your accounts, how you repay debts, and what you owe.

Before you apply for a credit card, you got to know your credit score. Here’s how:

  • Online Credit Bureaus: Check out websites like CIBIL, Experian, Equifax, or CRIF High Mark. They let you request your score by filling out some personal info.
  • Credit Monitoring Services: Some banks and credit card companies offer credit monitoring services. These give you easy access to your score.
  • Credit Score Apps: Loads of apps let you check your score. They even toss in regular updates and credit monitoring.

Why Your Credit Score Matters

A good credit score is key for a bunch of money stuff. Here’s why:

  • Credit Approval: Lenders and credit card companies peek at your credit score to see if you’re good with money. Higher scores mean a better chance of getting credit cards and loans.
  • Lower Interest Rates: A top-notch score lands you credit cards and loans with low interest. This saves you lots of money in interest over time.
  • Higher Credit Limits: A sweet score can get you higher credit limits on your cards, giving you more financial elbow room.
  • Haggling Power: A solid credit score lets you bargain with lenders. You can ask for better rates and terms based on your financial track record.
  • Renting Homes: Landlords check your credit score to decide if they should rent you a place. A good score makes this easier.

Before you dive into the world of credit cards, take a sec to check your credit score. Knowing where you stand helps you figure out what cards you’ll qualify for and what terms to expect.

Compare Types of Credit Cards

Credit cards in India come in all shapes and sizes, each designed for specific needs and lifestyles. Understanding the types helps you narrow down your choices. Here’s a quick look at the common types:

  • Travel Credit Cards: These are for jet-setters. They give you air miles, hotel discounts, airport lounge access, and travel insurance. Perfect if you want to max out your rewards on trips.
  • Rewards Credit Cards: These cards hand out rewards like points, cashback, or discounts on different spending categories. You earn points for every rupee you spend. They’re great for everyday spending.
  • Lifestyle Credit Cards: If you want to spice up your life, go for these. They offer discounts and goodies for things like dining, shopping, entertainment, and fitness.
  • Fuel Credit Cards: Tailored for frequent fuel consumers, these options provide benefits such as fuel surcharge waivers or cashback on refuelling expenses—an ideal way to cut down on your fuel costs.
  • Secured Credit Cards: Geared towards individuals with limited or no credit history, these options require a deposit matching your credit limit. Using them wisely aids in establishing or rebuilding your credit score.
  • Business Credit Cards: Entrepreneurs and business owners, these are for you. They offer biz perks like expense tracking, employee cards, and business rewards. You can also get higher credit limits to meet your business needs.

Consider your lifestyle, spending habits, and personal preferences when evaluating credit card options. The ideal choice aligns with your goals and maximizes value. Certain cards even combine features from various types, offering a versatile mix of benefits to suit your needs.

Master the Art of Fees and Charges

Before you lock in your credit card choice, you got know about the different fees and charges. They can jack up the cost of using your card. Here’s what to watch out for:

  • Annual Fees: Every year, you’ll pay a fee for having and using the card. It can be zero (no annual fee) or a few grand. You might get a break in the first year, but it kicks in from year two. Think about whether the fee’s worth the card’s rewards.
  • Interest Rates: This is the cost of borrowing money with your card, and it’s called the Annual Percentage Rate (APR). It’s slapped on any balances you don’t pay off in full by the due date. Different card actions, like purchases, cash advances, or balance transfers, can have different rates.
  • Late Payment Fees: If you don’t at least pay the minimum amount by the due date, you’re in for a charge. It can be pretty hefty and mess up your credit score.
  • Cash Advance Fees: Grabbing cash from your credit card at an ATM or somewhere else means you pay a fee. It’s a chunk of the cash advance amount and comes with a higher interest rate.
  • Foreign Transaction Fees: Buying stuff in foreign currencies or outside India racks up foreign transaction fees. These can add up if you travel a lot or shop from overseas websites.

Know the details of these fees and charges when you’re thinking about your credit card. The right card for you has a fee setup that matches your spending and helps you keep costs down.

Find Extra Benefits

Beyond the basics of rewards and fees, credit cards throw in extra benefits and perks. They can make your card awesome. Depending on what you like and how you live, some extras might catch your eye more than others:

  • Travel Perks: Lots of cards, especially the travel ones, come with cool travel stuff. This could be air miles that you can turn into free flights or hotel discounts, airport lounge access for a comfy pre-flight experience, and travel insurance. Also, some cards give good exchange rates for international travel and spending.
  • Concierge Services: Fancy credit cards often offer concierge services. These pros help with things like travel plans, restaurant bookings, event tickets, and more. They save you time and up your lifestyle.
  • Purchase Protection: A few cards have your back when you’re unhappy with things you bought using the card. You can get stuff like extended warranties, price protection, and cover for damaged or stolen things.
  • EMI Conversion Options: Some cards let you turn big buys into Equated Monthly Instalments (EMIs) with lower interest rates. It’s a great way to spread out big expenses.
  • Balance Transfer Offers: If you’ve got high-interest credit card debt, some cards offer balance transfer options. This lets you move your debt to a new card with a lower interest rate for a set time.

When you’re looking at extra benefits, think about what fits with your lifestyle and spending habits. If you’re a frequent traveller, things like air miles and lounge access might be a hit. But if you make big buys, purchase protection and EMI options might be more your thing.

Check for Signup Bonuses and Introductory Offers

In India, credit cards often tempt newbies with juicy signup bonuses and introductory deals. These goodies give you a sweet reward or save you cash right off the bat. Here’s the deal:

Signup Bonuses: These are gifts for new cardholders who spend a certain amount in a set time. It can be cashback, rewards points, or vouchers for shopping or services. When you’re checking out signup bonuses:

  • Look at the requirements to score the bonus.
  • Check how much the bonus is worth and if it lines up with your spending.
  • Mind the time frame to hit the spending target.

Introductory APR Offers: Certain cards offer an attractive initial deal with low or 0% interest rates on purchases or balance transfers, typically spanning a few months to over a year. Consider how you can leverage these offers based on your financial goals. Be mindful of when the introductory period concludes and the subsequent regular APR. While signup bonuses and initial offers may be enticing, ensure the card’s long-term benefits and terms align with your needs. Opt for a card that provides ongoing value beyond the initial promotional period.

Dive into the Terms and Conditions

Before you say yes to a credit card, take a good look at the terms and conditions that come with it. This is the fine print that lays out the rules for using the card. You got know stuff like:

  • Interest Rates: Check out the interest rate terms, including the APR for different card actions. Understand how interest is calculated, and keep an eye out for variable interest rates that can change.
  • Minimum Payments: Know the rules for the minimum payment. This is the least amount you got pay each month to keep your card in good standing. But keep in mind that paying just the minimum will cost you more in interest and take longer to pay off your balance.
  • Grace Periods: Credit cards usually give you a grace period to pay your balance in full without racking up interest. Know how long the grace period is and when it starts and ends. Pay your balance in full within this period to dodge interest.
  • Rewards Redemption Rules: If you’re going for a rewards card, understand the rules for cashback or rewards points. Know how and where you can use your rewards, and check for any limits or expiration dates.
  • Restrictions and Limits: Search for any restrictions or limits imposed by the card issuer, such as blocking balance transfers, restricting cash advances, or adding fees for foreign transactions. Familiarizing yourself with these rules helps you avoid fees and potential complications.

Reading the terms and conditions is a big deal. It tells you what you can and can’t do with your card and what you’re on the hook for as a cardholder. It’s your ticket to a smooth credit card ride

Seek Advice and Read Reviews

When you’re almost ready to pick a credit card, it’s smart to ask for advice and check out reviews. Hearing from other folks who’ve used the card can give you the lowdown that you can’t get from the card’s official info.

  • Ask for Recommendations: Talk to friends, family, or co-workers who’ve got credit cards. They can share real-life experiences on the pros and cons of their cards. You might get the scoop on how they’ve used the card and if it’s been a win for them.
  • Read Credit Card Reviews: Plenty of financial websites and publications lay out credit card reviews and comparisons. These reviews give the lowdown on the card’s features, rewards, fees, and what users have to say. Look for reviews from sources you trust to grab unbiased info.

Nonetheless, remember, what works for one person might not be good for another. Use recommendations and reviews to get more information in your search for the perfect credit card.

Apply for the Card

So, you’ve done your research, weighed the options, and found the credit card that’s your perfect match. Now it’s time to actually apply for it. Here’s what to know about the application process:

How to Apply: In India, most credit card issuers let you apply online. Check out the issuer’s website to find the application form. The general steps look like this:

  • Pick Your Card: Choose the exact credit card you want based on your research.
  • Personal Info: Fill in the application form with your deets, like your name, address, birthdate, and contact info.
  • Docs: Gather up the paperwork they want, which might be ID proof, address proof, income proof, and recent passport-sized photos. The exact documents can vary from issuer to issuer.
  • Eligibility: Make sure you hit the eligibility targets the issuer sets, like age, income levels, and credit score.
  • Submit Your App: Go over your application to check it’s all right, and then click to send it in.
  • Docs You Might Need: Common documents include your passport, Aadhaar card, PAN card, voter ID, driver’s license (for ID), recent utility bills, a rental agreement, or your Aadhaar card (for address proof), salary slips, bank statements, or income tax returns (for income proof), and new passport-sized pics for ID checks. And even though it’s not a paper, your credit score might be looked at when you’re applying.
  • Credit Card Approval and Activation: After you throw in your application, the issuer will give it an once-over. It can take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks to get your answer. Once they give you the green light, you usually get an email, SMS, or snail mail notice.

You’ll also get your credit card in the post, along with a Personal Identification Number (PIN). You need to activate your card the way they tell you to. It could be a toll-free number to call, a website to visit, or a mobile app to use. Once that’s done, you’re all set to start swiping your card for buys and transactions as the card’s terms say.

Use Your Credit Wisely

Choosing the best credit card is the first step in your financial journey. But it’s just the start. You also use your credit responsibly to get the most out of your card and keep your finances on track. Here’s how:

Smart Credit Card Moves

  • Pay on Time: Always make at least the minimum payment on your credit card bill by the due date. That way, you dodge late payment fees and bad marks on your credit score.
  • Pay in Full: Whenever you can, pay your card balance in full every month. That way, you don’t pay interest on what you carry over.
  • Stay in Budget: Stick to your budget and don’t use your credit card for stuff you can’t pay off in the billing cycle.
  • Check Your Statements: Look over your credit card statements often. Make sure they’re right, there aren’t any mystery charges, and you’re not overspending.
  • Set up Alerts: Lots of credit card issuers let you get emails or texts with updates on due dates, low balances, and big transactions. Sign up for these to stay in the loop.

Budgeting and Tracking

  • Make a Budget: Set up a budget every month to cover your income and costs, like credit card payments. This helps you keep your finances in line.
  • Watch your Spending: Use tools like mobile apps or budgeting software to track your spending. They show where you can save.
  • Emergency Cash: Make an emergency cash stash to cover surprise costs. This way, you don’t need your credit card when stuff happens.

Paying On Time

  • Automatic Payments: Set up automatic payments for your credit card bill. It’s like insurance that you’ll never miss a due date.
  • Paying Options: Most credit cards let you pay through different ways, like online banking, mobile apps, or with a check. Pick the one that suits you best.

Credit Score Check

  • Credit Report Look: Check out your credit report often to make sure it’s right and there aren’t any signs of identity theft or fraud.
  • Credit Score Watch: Think about using credit score monitoring services or apps that give you regular score updates.

Avoid Credit Card Traps

  • High-Interest Debt: Be careful about piling up high-interest credit card debt. Avoid using your card for cash advances, and be aware of the interest rates.
  • Responsible Balance Transfers: If you use balance transfer offers, have a clear plan to pay off the moved balance within the deal time.
  • Skip Minimum Payments: Pay more than the minimum amount due when you can. It cuts interest charges and gets your balance down quicker.

By using your credit wisely, you get all the goodies from your credit card, keep a solid credit score, and dodge money problems. Finally, remember that choosing the right credit card is all about fitting your financial goals and lifestyle. It’s like a magic wand that makes your money life more awesome. So take your time, do your research, and choose a card that works best for you. When you use it right, your credit card is a big boost for your finances.

For personalized recommendations or to compare specific credit cards, you can visit the websites of major banks and credit card companies in India or consult a financial advisor.

Related

Loan Against Securities (LAS)

Loan Against Securities (LAS)

Sometimes in times of emergency, we need money immediately. In such a time, instead of selling your investment, taking a loan against securities is...

read more
India’s Strategic Outlook: A Beacon in Renewable Energy, AI, Healthcare, and Inclusive Finance

India’s Strategic Outlook: A Beacon in Renewable Energy, AI, Healthcare, and Inclusive Finance

India’s Strategic Outlook: A Beacon in Renewable Energy, AI, Healthcare, and Inclusive Finance

In a recent statement, N. Chandrasekaran, the executive chairman of Tata Sons, has illuminated India’s pivotal role in the global transition to renewable energy. He underscored India’s leadership in investing in cutting-edge energies such as solar, hydrogen, and wind. Unlike other nations grappling with the daunting task of replacing coal, India perceives this shift as an economic boon and a catalyst for growth.

Delving into artificial intelligence (AI), Chandrasekaran outlined the prerequisites for widespread adoption, citing the convergence of factors such as processing power, cloud computing, storage, and mobile networks. Observing the evolution from predictive AI to generic AI, he predicted a future pivot towards behavioural AI. Emphasizing India’s strengths in digital infrastructure and a youthful talent pool, he projected India’s potential as a key player in the global supply chain across diverse sectors.

Transitioning to healthcare, a Knight Frank report disclosed a glaring deficit of two billion square feet in healthcare real estate in India. With a current bed-to-population ratio of 1.3 beds per 1,000 people, the report underscored the urgent need for healthcare sector expansion. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this demand, exposing gaps in infrastructure and service delivery. The report signals a substantial opportunity for public and private entities to invest in and expand their presence in India’s burgeoning healthcare industry.

Providing financial insights, Vivek Joshi, the financial services secretary, shared that over ₹95,000 crore has been disbursed to more than 50 lakh street vendors under the Prime Minister’s Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) scheme. Launched in June 2020, this micro-credit scheme has sanctioned 72.44 lakh loans to street vendors, offering collateral-free working capital loans in tranches up to ₹50,000. Joshi urged public sector banks to expedite disbursements, highlighting the scheme’s pivotal role in supporting street vendors during challenging times.

To sum up, India’s strategic positioning in energy transition, unwavering commitment to electric vehicles, strides in artificial intelligence, burgeoning opportunities in healthcare, and inclusive financial schemes showcase the nation’s resilience and determination to thrive in a rapidly evolving global landscape.

We express profound gratitude to our esteemed readers for their unwavering support, which has been instrumental in delivering informative articles. We encourage continued engagement, feedback sharing, and eagerly anticipate your ideas and suggestions at info@consumer-voice.org. Let us collaboratively foster a knowledgeable and empowered community.

Wishing you an enjoyable reading experience ahead!

Pallabi Boruah

Editor

All Editorials

No Results Found

The page you requested could not be found. Try refining your search, or use the navigation above to locate the post.

World Day of Remembrance for Traffic Victims 2023

World Day of Remembrance for Traffic Victims 2023

World Day of Remembrance for Traffic Victims 2023

Observed on the third Sunday of every November, the World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims (WDR) holds profound significance. This global event stands as a poignant tribute, honoring the millions who have tragically lost their lives or faced severe injuries on roads worldwide. It is a solemn occasion to recognize the enduring pain endured by victims, their families, and communities—a suffering that accumulates each year, compounding an already staggering toll.

India, grappling with the immense challenge of road safety, recently unveiled its annual road crash report, ‘Road Accidents in India 2022,’ on October 31, 2023. The statistics are sobering, revealing 461,312 recorded road crash incidents across the nation’s 28 states and 8 union territories in the calendar year 2022. These incidents resulted in the tragic loss of 168,491 lives (severity of 36%) and left 443,366 individuals injured.

Breaking down these alarming figures, it translates to an average of 462 deaths and 1,214 injuries every day, or a staggering 19 deaths and 50 injuries occurring every hour in the country. These statistics underscore the urgent need for heightened awareness, comprehensive road safety measures, and collective efforts to curb the devastating impact of road accidents.

On this solemn occasion of the World Day of Remembrance, let us reflect on these realities and renew our commitment to fostering safer roads for all.

Comprehensive Guide to Car Insurance: Claims, Terms, and Conditions

Comprehensive Guide to Car Insurance: Claims, Terms, and Conditions

Comprehensive Guide to Car Insurance: Claims, Terms, and Conditions

Many times, people are worried about thinking that they have insured the vehicle, but do not know if their insurance will provide protection in every situation? Please read this story for knowing the car insurance coverage.

Subas Tiwari

Know all about car insurance and its claim along with terms and conditions

In a natural disaster, violence, riots, etc., everyone is worried that the vehicle will not have to be repaid with its own money. Such concern can be overcome with On Damage (OD) and Add-on Cover Insurance. These insurance acts as the safety shield of the vehicle so that the owner of the vehicle remains carefree.

Important of these insurance

1st example: Ranjeet used to park his car with the help of a school wall built in front of the house. One night an earthquake struck the school wall on his car. The car suffered significant damage. It cost 15 thousand rupees to get the car right, which was raised by the insurance company. If Ranjeet did not have OD and add-on cover insurance, then the entire 15 thousand rupees would have gone from Ranjeet ‘s pocket.

2nd example: Reeta goes to office with her car. One day the parking lot filled with rain. His car was submerged in water. They started the car when the water came out but did not start. It was discovered that the engine was flooded. It cost about 20 thousand rupees to get the car right. Reeta had OD and add-on cover insurance. She did not have to spend even one rupee from her pocket.

Keep these things in mind

NCB: If you have taken any insurance for the car and have not made a claim, then you can avail the No Claim Bonus (NCB). Through the NCB, you can reduce the premium of vehicle insurance by 50%.

It is not necessary to take insurance from the dealer: If you are buying a new car, then the dealer says to give insurance. It is not necessary to take insurance from the dealer you are taking the vehicle from. First compare the insurance of other companies present in the market, which can give more and better facilities from the company.

Types of vehicle insurance

1- Third Party Insurance: Whether new or old, third-party insurance (TP) insurance is required. The vehicle owner is insuring, then the first party and the insuring company is the second party. At the same time, the third party is the one who suffers losses due to the insurer. If a person or someone’s property is damaged while driving, then it is compensated by third party insurance. Also, on the death of a person in the accident, third party insurance gets compensation. However, in such an accident, the damage caused to the vehicle or driver or other people in the car is not compensated by third party insurance. Keep in mind, the insurance claim is rejected if a minor or a person is driving under intoxication.

2- Personal Accident Insurance: If the driver is injured or dies in an accident while driving, the person gets compensation from personal accident insurance. It can also include all the passengers in the vehicle. In India, it is necessary for the owner / driver of a car with motor insurance and the person sitting together to take a personal accident insurance of minimum 15 lakhs. On the other hand, if someone is driving a minor and gets an accident, then insurance benefits are not available.

3- Own Damage Insurance: This (Own Damage) insurance is to compensate for the damage done to the vehicle. If there is a fire or breakage in the vehicle due to any reason or there is loss in any natural disaster like lightning, earthquake, land slide, rain, flood etc. Apart from this, if the vehicle is damaged in a riot, strike, terrorist attack or due to any other reason, the loss is compensated by On Damage (OD) Insurance. This is done by the insurance company.

4- Add-on cover insurance: There are many things in the car that are not covered in third party, personal accident or on damage insurance. For this, the owner of the vehicle can take add-on cover insurance. They do not necessarily have to be taken. These are optional. There is a separate premium for these. Like other insurance, they also have to be renewed every year. Some of the add-on covers are as follows:

Accessories Cover

If the vehicle has separate accessories like seat cover, music system, TV screen, head light, taillight etc. and if it gets stolen or damaged then it is compensated through the accessories cover.

Engine Protection: Do not overfill the engine of the vehicle due to flood or other reasons.

Roadside Assistance: This cover provides the facility of transporting the vehicle to the service centre and free of essential oil in case of damage to the vehicle or tire puncture on the way. If the vehicle is locked, the duplicate key is also sent by the executive of the insurance company from our home to us.

Zero Depreciation: The price of a vehicle decreases with time. If an accident causes damage to the vehicle and its parts are replaced, new parts are replaced or painted. Then the owner of the vehicle may have to pay up to 50% of the cost of new parts or paint when OD insurance is done. If there is zero depreciation add on cover, then nothing will have to be paid even if new parts are installed. Many companies offer this add on cover only on vehicles up to 5 years old.

Return to invoice: In this add-on cover, the entire cost of the vehicle is found when the vehicle is completely destroyed. The ex-showroom price of a car is Rs 5 lakh and after paying all taxes, the on-road costs Rs 6 lakh. Had bought that car three years ago, whose value is considered to be Rs 3 lakh today. If the same car is completely destroyed in a riot or natural disaster and does not even survive to be corrected or gets swept away in the water, then today the cost of the car will be 3 lakh rupees, ie on OD insurance. If the car owner has taken the return to invoice add on cover, then the full price of the car will be Rs 6 lakh.

How to Calculate Car Insurance Premium?

In India, car insurance premiums are calculated based on various factors that assess the risk associated with insuring your vehicle. While the exact formula for premium calculation may vary among insurance companies, the primary factors that influence car insurance premium calculation in India typically include:

  • Insured Declared Value (IDV):The IDV is the maximum amount the insurance company will pay in case of a total loss (e.g., due to theft or a severe accident) of your vehicle. It is calculated based on the current market value of your car. The higher the IDV, the higher your premium will be.
  • Type of Coverage:Car insurance in India offers two main types of coverage:
  • Third-Party Liability:This covers the financial liability towards third parties in case you cause injury or property damage while driving. Premiums for this type are regulated by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) and are based on the engine capacity of your vehicle.
  • Comprehensive: This includes third-party liability coverage and coverage for damage to your vehicle. Premiums for comprehensive coverage are influenced by a wider range of factors.
  • Cubic Capacity (CC) of the Vehicle:The engine’s cubic capacity, which is measured in cubic centimetres (CC), is a significant factor in premium calculation. Cars with larger engine capacities often have higher premiums due to their potentially higher speed and power.
  • Age of the Vehicle:Older vehicles typically have lower premiums because their market value is lower compared to newer cars.
  • Geographical Location:The location where you live and primarily use your car affects the premium. Areas with higher traffic density, accident rates, or theft rates may have higher premiums.
  • No Claim Bonus (NCB):If you have a history of not making claims, you can earn an NCB discount. This discount accumulates each claim-free year and can substantially reduce your premium.
  • Add-On Covers:Additional coverage options or add-ons, such as zero depreciation, engine protection, personal accident cover, and roadside assistance, can increase the premium. The selection of these add-ons also affects the premium.
  • Deductible:The deductible (also known as the “excess”) is the amount you agree to pay out of pocket before the insurance coverage kicks in. Choosing a higher deductible can lower your premium but increases your financial responsibility in case of a claim.

To calculate your car insurance premium in India, you can use online premium calculators provided by insurance companies on their websites. These calculators take into account the factors mentioned above and provide you with an estimated premium based on the information you input.

It’s important to compare quotes from multiple insurers to find the best coverage at a competitive price. Additionally, consider consulting with an insurance agent or broker who can provide personalized advice based on your specific circumstances and needs.

Premium Comparison for MARUTI WAGON R [DL1 | 2023 | Petrol | NCB 0%]

Company Name IDV Yearly Premium
Oriental Insurance 500000 15838
Kotak General Insurance 500000 16816
United India Insurance 500000 18336
Digit Insurance 500000 23208
National Insurance 476520 21395
Chola MS General Insurance 454860 17843
HDFC Ergo 428810 19033

Quotes taken from: https://www.policybazaar.com on 15.09.2023.

Some rules have changed

Not necessarily Long Comprehensive Insurance: When TP Insurance and OD Insurance are taken together, it is called Comprehensive Insurance. Earlier, any customer was required to take 3 years of TP insurance while purchasing a four-wheeler and 5 years for a two-wheeler. It used to be quite expensive. Also, the customer had to buy OD insurance from the same insurance company from which TP Insurance was purchased. These rules have changed since 1 August 2020. Now, when purchasing a new car, the customer can take TP and OD insurance for 1 year only and after that it can be renewed by any company every year.

PUC required for insurance renewal: If you are going to get your insurance renewal, then a valid application control certificate (PUC) has to be kept with you. According to an IRDA order, if the PUC is not there, the insurance company can refuse to renew the insurance. Not only this, but accident cover can also be rejected if there is no PUC.

Taking car insurance in India is an essential step to protect yourself, your vehicle, and others on the road. Here are 20 tips to help you navigate the process of getting car insurance in India:

  1. Understand the Types of Coverage:Familiarize yourself with the various types of car insurance coverage available in India, including Third-party Liability and Comprehensive insurance.
  2. Evaluate Your Needs:Assess your specific insurance needs based on factors like your car’s age, value, and your budget.
  3. Compare Insurance Providers:Research and compare insurance companies, their reputation, customer service, and claim settlement record.
  4. Check for Discounts:Inquire about available discounts for factors like a good driving record, safety features in your car, and anti-theft devices.
  5. Online Research:Use online comparison tools and websites to compare policies and premiums.
  6. Check the IDV:Understand the Insured Declared Value (IDV) of your car, which is the maximum amount the insurer will pay in case of theft or a total loss.
  7. No Claim Bonus (NCB):Inquire about the No Claim Bonus, which offers a discount on premiums for every claim-free year.
  8. Add-On Coverage:Consider add-on covers like Zero Depreciation, Engine Protection, and Roadside Assistance for enhanced coverage.
  9. Policy Exclusions:Thoroughly read the policy document to understand what is not covered, such as consequential damages or mechanical breakdowns.
  10. Research the Claim Process:Know the steps involved in filing a claim and the documents required.
  11. Check Network Garages:Ensure that the insurance company has a network of garages in your area for cashless claim settlements.
  12. Claim Settlement Ratio: Review the insurance company’s claim settlement ratio to gauge its reliability.
  13. Policy Renewal:Stay on top of your policy renewal dates to avoid a lapse in coverage.
  14. Update Information:Inform your insurance provider about any changes in your personal information, address, or modifications to your vehicle.
  15. Maintain a Good Driving Record:Safe driving can lead to lower premiums and a higher NCB.
  16. Install Safety Features:Install safety devices in your car, such as anti-theft alarms, to reduce the risk of theft and potentially lower premiums.
  17. Document Everything:Keep records of all communication with the insurance company, including emails, phone calls, and documents submitted.
  18. Read Reviews:Read customer reviews and testimonials to gauge the insurance company’s customer service quality.
  19. Ask for Recommendations:Seek recommendations from friends, family, or acquaintances who have experience with car insurance in India.
  20. Understand the Policy’s Terms and Conditions:Carefully review the terms and conditions of your policy to avoid any surprises during a claim.

Remember that car insurance is not just a legal requirement but also provides financial protection in case of accidents, theft, or damage to your vehicle. Taking the time to choose the right policy and insurance provider can save you money and ensure peace of mind on the road.

How to claim Car Insurance?

Claiming car insurance in India involves a specific process that you should follow in the event of an accident, theft, or damage to your vehicle. Here are the general steps to file a car insurance claim in India:

  1. Contact the Police (If Applicable):In case of an accident, especially one involving third parties, contact the police immediately and file a First Information Report (FIR). This is essential for insurance claims.
  2. Inform Your Insurance Company:Contact your insurance company as soon as possible after the incident. You can typically find their contact information on your insurance policy documents or their website. Provide them with all the necessary details about the incident, including the date, time, location, and a description of what happened.
  3. Document the Incident:Take photographs of the accident scene, any damage to your vehicle, and the other party’s vehicle, if applicable. This visual evidence can be crucial for your claim.
  4. Fill Out the Claim Form:Your insurance company will provide you with a claim form to fill out. Complete this form accurately and submit it along with any other required documents.
  5. Provide Necessary Documents:Your insurer may ask for various documents to process your claim. These documents may include:
  • Copy of your insurance policy
  • Copy of your driving license
  • FIR (if applicable)
  • Vehicle registration certificate (RC)
  • Estimate for repairs from an authorized garage
  • Bills and receipts for repairs
  • Police report (if applicable)
  • Any other documents requested by the insurer
  1. Claim Survey:After you file a claim, an insurance surveyor may visit the accident site or the garage where your car is being repaired to assess the damage and verify the claim. Cooperate with the surveyor and provide any information or documentation they request.
  2. Cashless or Reimbursement Claim:If you are using a network garage, you may have the option of a cashless claim settlement, where the insurance company directly pays the garage for the repairs. If you choose a non-network garage, you’ll need to pay for the repairs initially and then claim reimbursement from your insurer.
  3. Follow-Up:Stay in touch with your insurance company for updates on your claim’s progress. Keep records of all communication, including names and contact details of the people you speak with.
  4. Settlement:Once the claim is approved and all necessary documentation is verified, your insurer will settle the claim. The settlement amount will depend on factors such as your policy coverage, the extent of damage, and your deductible (if applicable).
  5. Claim Closure:After the claim is settled, your insurance company will close the claim, and you can proceed with the necessary repairs to your vehicle.

Remember that it’s essential to report any incident to your insurance company promptly and provide accurate information and documentation. Failure to do so may result in claim delays or denials. Additionally, be aware of your policy’s terms and conditions, including deductibles and coverage limits, to understand what expenses may or may not be covered by your car insurance in India.

Enquire Now

    X
    Enquire Now